OV-104/ATLANTIS: An International Vehicle for a Changing World
The Space Shuttle orbiter Atlantis, in many ways the middle-child orbiter of the Space Shuttle Program – in many ways the one vehicle that has consistently represented the spirit and determination of the Shuttle Program. Over her 25 and a half year, 33 mission career, the Shuttle orbiter Atlantis has ingrained herself into our hearts and family and has demonstrated time and time again a determination to never give up and always do exactly what we ask of her. Construction of the 4th and originally final Space Shuttle orbiter for NASA’s fleet began on January 29, 1979 when NASA awarded the contract to build OV-104 (Orbiting Vehicle 104) to Rockwell International – the same company that received the contracts to build Enterprise (OV-101), Columbia (OV-102), Challenger (OV-099), and Discovery (OV-103).Start of structural assembly of OV-104’s crew module began on March 30, 1980. Over a year and a half later, engineers began assembling the various manufactured components that would eventually comprise the new orbiter’s aft fuselage on November 23, 1981 – just a few days after the completion of the second flight of the Space Shuttle Program (SSP).
In June 1983, the new orbiter’s tell-tale Delta wings arrived on-dock at her Palmdale, CA construction facility after shipment from the Grumman manufacturing facility in New York.
Seven months later, on December 2, 1983, engineers at Palmdale began final assembly of OV-104’s constituent parts – a procedure which was complete on April 10, 1984.
After an additional full year of end-to-end testing of all of her systems, construction was complete, and on April 6, 1985 the new Space Shuttle orbiter ATLANTIS was rolled out of her construction facility for her first moment in the public eye.
The 4th operational orbiter of NASA’s fleet, Shuttle Atlantis was named, like her sisters, after previous Earth-bound vessels of exploration. However, unlike her three operational sisters to come before her, Atlantis was named after only one ship and is the only Shuttle orbiter named after a 20th century Earth-bound sailing ship. Atlantis is also the only Shuttle orbiter named after an Earth-bound American research vessel, and is the ONLY Shuttle orbiter named after a still-in-service research vehicle.
Specifically, the orbiter Atlantis takes her name from the 1930-1966 two-mastered boat that served as the primary research vessel for the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute of Massachusetts.
Developments In Communications Till 18th Century - News
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Within the industrial epoch that began in Britain in the 18th century and continues today, historians have discerned three or four or five successive industrial revolutions, driven by "general purpose technologies" like the steam engine, electricity,
The film crew follows Assange on trips to the police station and shows him working to keep WikiLeaks viable from an 18th century manor owned by journalist Vaughan Smith where he's under lock-down. Jonathan Easley is an editorial fellow at .
During recent centuries, the nomadic Tuareg formed large confederations, pushed southward, and, siding with various Hausa states, clashed with the Fulani Empire of Sokoto, which had gained control of much of the Hausa territory in the late 18th century
Its influence on the world has been tremendous: it was central to Chinese philosophy and government for over two millennia, spread to other East Asian countries such as Edo Japan and, through Voltaire and others, profoundly influenced the 18th-century
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LONDON.- Possibly the most seductive image in British art, this ravishing portrait was recorded as; "Nell Gwin naked leaning on a bed, with her Child by Sr Peter Lilly. This picture was painted at the express command of K. Charles 2d nay he came to Sr Peter Lillys house to see it painted when she was naked on purpose. afterwards this picture was at Court. where the Duke of Buckingham took it from (when K. James went away,) as may others did the like."
These words were written by George Vertue in 1723 when he visited Buckingham House to see the collection of the courtier, John Sheffield, Duke of Buckingham. The presence in the Royal Collection of such a fascinating picture was confirmed by the publication in 1758 of the Catalogue of... Pictures... belonging to King James the Second, where reference is made under no. 305 to such a picture being artfully concealed – "By Danckers and Sir Peter Lely. The sliding piece before Madame Gwynn's picture naked, with a cupid." Following the Duke's death, his title was inherited by his young son who died in Italy a few years later. The portrait was probably still at Buckingham House in 1746, as 'a naked Lady and son, Lely' is recorded in an inventory of that year.
This is the enticing background which may lie behind the portrait which until 2007 hung at Chiddingstone Castle (fig 1). The portrait had been purchased at the great Lowther Castle sale in 1947 where it was in the company of over forty other British portraits from the seventeenth century, and where it was described as 'Portrait of Nell Gwyne as Venus reclining in a landscape with a cupid and a stone vase by her side'. It is unclear when it had entered the Lonsdale collection, but Henry Lowther, 3rd Viscount Lonsdale was prominent at the Royal Court in the eighteenth century, being Lord of the Bedchamber, Constable of the Tower and Lord Privy Seal, and he could well have acquired the picture from Buckingham House.
The portrait's first appearance in a major exhibition was in 1956 when Sir Oliver Millar concluded that it 'may be the portrait in the King's and Buckingham's collections'. When he prepared the catalogue for the 1972 Lely exhibition he noted that 'the portrait cannot be linked decisively' with the entry in James II's inventory quoted above, and went on to suggest that it could instead be the Duchess of Cleveland. However, two factors militate against this.
Developments In Communications Till 18th Century - Bookshelf
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Eighteenth Century
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